Which theorist is associated with the view that beliefs and interests are interrelated with career problems?

• A. Krumboltz
• B. Osipow
• C. Holland
• D. Super

Answer: (A)

Beliefs about what you can do and what you can expect to happen, together with your interests, shape how you approach work and the problems you encounter in choosing or changing careers. This idea is central to Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Development. He argues that career development is driven by learning experiences and by cognitive factors—beliefs about abilities (self-efficacy), beliefs about outcomes, and the interests that grow from those experiences. When beliefs and interests align, decisions feel more natural; when they don’t, or when limiting beliefs block exploration, career problems can arise. Counseling under this view focuses on altering those beliefs and expanding experiences so that new interests can form and align with more flexible, constructive career paths.

Holland’s theory emphasizes fitting personality types to work environments, rather than the interplay of beliefs and interests with problems; Super centers on self-concept and developmental stages; Osipow focuses more on coping patterns and personality determinants.